Birefringence control by hydrogen bonding on compatible polymer pair composed of hydrogenated ring‐opening polymer and modified polystyrene

A new polymer blend composed of a hydrogenated ring‐opening polymer (HROP) with an ester group and hydroxyl functionalized polystyrene (HFP) produced the excellent transparent materials which enabled a precise birefringence control in keeping with the other physical properties for optical film use. The blend with a composition from 0.28 to 0.35 for the HFP weight fraction showed an extraordinary wavelength dispersion, transmitting through a zero birefringence point at the critical fraction of 0.45, while each polymer showed an ordinary wavelength dispersion. The observed excellent transparency even above those of the glass transition temperature was attributed to a depressed phase separation that resulted from strong hydrogen bond between the ester and hydroxyl groups. An IR analysis of the film demonstrated a remarkable red‐shift in the carbonyl peak with an increase of the hydroxylated polystyrene content, indicating a strong hydrogen bond between those groups. This new polymer blend provides a useful design to achieve practical demands for film use, both optical and mechanical under the fabrication conditions using the melt extrusion technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3132–3143     

A computational simulation study on the acoustic pressure generated by a dental endosonic file: Effects of intensity,file shape and volume

One of the uses of ultrasound in dentistry is in the field of endodontics (i.e. root canal treatment) in order to enhance cleaning efficiency during the treatment. The acoustic pressures generated by the oscillation of files in narrow channels has been calculated using the COMSOL simulation package. Acoustic pressures in excess of the cavitation threshold can be generated and higher values were found in narrower channels. This parallels experimental observations of sonochemiluminescence. The effect of varying the channel width and length and the dimensions and shape of the file are reported. As well as explaining experimental observations, the work provides a basis for the further development and optimisation of the design of endosonic files.     

Investigation on interlaminar delamination tendency of multidirectional carbon fiber composites

In this investigation carbon fiber reinforced laminates with different orientation layups are prepared and studied under tensile loading condition. Multiple strain measurement techniques, namely, resistive strain gauges, embedded optical sensors and digital image correlation are used to analyze stress-strain behavior simultaneously through the thickness of composite materials, and to determine the sequence of failure in different plies. Inconsistencies of strains measured through different methods is correlated with the tendency for interlaminar delamination, therefore demonstrating the ability of multi-instrument approach to describe damage progress through the thickness of multidirectional laminates. Complementary analysis through acoustic emission methods reveals that the angle of off-axis surface plies can influence the sequence of failure under tensile loading condition, and damage monitoring capabilities of acoustic emission system is directly affected by delamination tendency of surface plies. Remarkably, the delayed failure of off-axis plies is shown to be related to reorientation of these layer towards loading direction using infrared thermography method.     

Synthesis and properties of side-chain liquid crystalline polymers grafted with chiral dimers containing cholesteryl groups

ABSTRACT

Two series of novel side-chain liquid crystal (LC) polysiloxanes grafted with chiral liquid crystalline dimers containing cholesteryl mesogens were synthesised. The chemical structure and LC properties of comonomers and polymers were characterised by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, DSC, TGA, POM and XRD. M₁ and M₂ were chiral nematic (N*) dimers, and M₃ was an achiral LC monomer displaying nematic mesophase in a narrow mesomorphic temperature range, while the copolymers exhibited N* mesophase whose mesomorphic temperature ranges were much wider than those of the comonomers. Moreover, the glass transition temperatures and isotropization temperatures of the polymers all decreased with decreasing the dimer components. Reflection spectra showed that P_a series tend to attain wide-band selective reflection at long wavelengths, while P_b series were more potential at short wavelengths with narrow bandwidths. Decreasing the dimer components led the wavelength of the selective reflection to blue shift, which was an abnormal phenomenon in chiral mixture system.     

高双折射Sagnac环透射特性的理论与实验研究

 采用传输矩阵分析法、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法研究了由光耦合器（OC）、偏振控制器（PC）和保偏光纤（PMF）组成的高双折射Sagnac干涉环的透射特性。理论分析了PMF特性和PC状态对输出特性的影响,并通过数值模拟得到了PMF长度、双折射率（Δn）和PC状态不同时所对应的透射光谱。最后通过实验验证得出了波长间隔只由PMF的长度和双折射率Δn决定,透射率大小只由PC状态决定,而透射谱的峰值位置由PMF和PC状态共同决定的规律。实验结果与理论分析结果非常一致,对Sagnac环透射规律的研究对这种可调谐滤波器在多波长光纤激光器中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

基于低双折射光子晶体光纤Sagnac干涉仪的超低温度系数扭曲传感器

研究了低双折射光子晶体光纤中由光纤扭曲造成的圆双折射效应,并应用Sagnac干涉仪结构设计了扭曲传感器.在Sagnac环中的光子晶体光纤上施加机械压力引入初始线双折射并产生正弦干涉光谱,再扭曲光纤产生圆双折射使干涉光谱随扭曲角度移动.光谱峰值波长随扭曲角度变化符合Sinc函数关系,理论分析与实验相符.传感器灵敏度为1....     

利用维纳滤波改善声透镜光声成像系统的分辨率

为了克服衍射效应对光声成像系统分辨率的限制,需要采用逆卷积方法进行图像反演.从理论上分析了声透镜成像原理,模拟仿真了声透镜的点扩展函数对声透镜成像系统分辨率的影响和维纳滤波解卷积方法复原光声成像的过程,并利用自搭建的声透镜光声成像系统进行了深入的实验研究,得到了物平面上相距4 mm和3 mm的两个黑胶带点的直接成像光声...     

反射式Sagnac干涉光纤电流互感器的传感头误差研究

阐述了反射式Sagnac干涉型电流传感器的原理,对Sagnac型光纤电流传感器进行了深入的理论研究,建立了完整的系统理论模型。采用偏振系统的Jones矩阵对反射式Sagnac干涉型电流传感器的偏振误差进行了研究,并对光纤传感头中的线性双折射、圆双折射对测量准确度的影响进行了模拟分析,从理论上得到了反映影响规律的曲线。仿...     

液晶光谱成像技术研究进展

液晶光谱成像技术是基于液晶可调滤光片的新型光谱成像技术.利用向列相液晶材料的电控双折射效应,液晶可调滤光片可在工作谱段内进行连续光谱调谐,实现光谱成像系统的小型化、多用途、实时控制.获取高空间分辫率和高光谱分辫率的光谱图像,是今后航天航空遥感的一个重要发展方向.结合液晶光谱成像技术的国内外研究进展,分析了其目前存在的主...     

Electric field-induced stress birefringence in layered composites PbZr1-xTixO3/Polycarbonate

Electro-optical composites based on the product of electro-strictive and elasto-optical effects are developed.Layered composites of PbZr 1 x Ti x O 3 and polycarbonate are synthesised.Their electro-optical properties are studied.The nominal transverse electro-optical coefficient of the composite is observed to be about 3.6 times larger than that of LiNbO 3.Experiments and theoretical analyses show that the electro-optical effect of the composite has a strong ’size effect’.With the ratio of thickness/length decreasing or the width of elasto-optical phase increasing,the half-wave electric field intensity increases but the transverse electro-optical coefficient decreases for the layered composite.